faraone Amenothep II
Statua del faraone Amenothep II  Granito rosa – altezza m 1,52  XVIII dinastia (1438-1412 a.C.)  Collezione Drovetti Tebe

La statua raffigura il faraone in ginocchio nell’atto di presentare alla divinità i vasi dell’offerta del vino.

Il faraone indossa l’abito tradizionale: copricapo di stoffa pieghettata, chiamato dagli Egizi nemes, adorno del diadema con il cobra con la gola gonfia nell’atto di attaccare (ureo); barba cerimoniale e gonnellino, chiamato dagli Egizi shendyt.

Nomi e titoli del faraone sono riportati in geroglifici sulla cintura del gonnellino.

Amenhotep II è figlio ed erede di Thutmosi III, e cercò di emulare la grandezza del padre, celebrando le prove di coraggio e forza, che aveva dimostrato durante i suoi anni di regno.

Figlio di Tuthmosi III e della regina Hatshepsut, regnò per 28 anni, nei primi tre come coreggente del padre.

Dall’inizio del suo regno come faraone unico, fu costretto a difendere l’egemonia egiziana nel Levante, tanto brillantemente consolidata da Tuthmosi III.

Nell’anno VII, guidò una spedizione contro una coalizione di capi della regione di Tikhsi (tra l’Oronte e l’Eufrate): sette di essi vennero giustiziati da Amenhotep II in persona e i loro corpi appesi alle mura di Tebe e Napata. Non è certo, comunque, che la sua vittoria sia stata totale: si sospetta anzi che l’Egitto abbia abbandonato alcuni territori agli alleati dei Mitanni.

Nell’anno IX, una seconda spedizione, condotta a nord del Carmelo, ottenne risultati migliori: i Mitanni, Babilonia e l’Impero ittita inviarono richieste di pace.

Amenothep II portò a termine i lavori intrapresi da suo padre nel tempio di Amada, proseguendo l’abbellimento dei santuari di Tebe e della sua regione, senza trascurare il resto del Paese. Edificò il suoi tempio funerario a sud di quello di Tuthmosi III.

La sua mummia fu ritrovata nella tomba della Valle dei Re, decorata in modo assai sobrio.

Con il regno di Amenothep II si opera un profondo cambiamento.

Mentre Hatshepsut e Tuthmosi III si erano sforzati di instaurare nell’arte e nella cultura un neoclassicismo fortemente ispirato al Medio Regno, ora l’ideologia si apre a nuovi tempi.

Poichè l’imperialismo egiziano nel Levante ha come conseguenza l’apertura della civiltà all’Asia, la fraseologia reali accoglie delle metafore che coinvolgono divinità asiatiche. 

Una nuova topica descrive le qualità fisiche del faraone: appassionato di cavalli, che addestrava personalmente e ai quali faceva compiere con maestria ogni sorta di evoluzioni.

Governava una nave con la massima abilità grazie all’uso esperto dei remi; le sue frecce trapassavano spesse placche di rame.

Dietro l’evidente retorica di tali proclami si manifesta una mentalità particolare.

La maggior parte degli alti dignitari del suo regno furono scelti non tra i rampolli di stirpi potenti, ma tra i compagni di giovinezza o di combattimento del faraone.

283 pensiero su “FARAONE AMENHOTEP II”
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